Present study is the floristic survey and the distribution of diatoms observed in two sediment cores of the Xingu river, Pará State, north Brazil, and represents the past ~6,000 cal yr BP. Thirty-eight taxa distributed in twenty genera were recorded, among which five were new records for Brazil and nineteen new for the Brazilian Amazon. The most representative genus based on species number was Gomphonema Ehrenberg with six species. In brief, present new records represent a 75% increase in the total number of records for the Brazilian Amazon, and indicates that this region has not only been poorly investigated, but also suggests that its biodiversity assessment is underestimated. These findings highlight the efficacy of the paleolimnological approach as a tool for assessing biodiversity before the human impacts begin to affect the pristine conditions of the area.

O presente estudo visou ao levantamento florístico e à distribuição de diatomáceas obtidas de dois perfis sedimentares do rio Xingu, Estado do Pará, Brasil, e representa os últimos ~6.000 anos de idade. Trinta e oito táxons distribuídos em vinte gêneros foram documentados, entre os quais cinco são novos registros de ocorrência no Brasil e dezenove na Amazônia brasileira. Gomphonema Ehrenberg foi o gênero mais representado com seis espécies. Sintetizando, as novas ocorrências representam um aumento de 75% do número total de registros para a Amazônia brasileira e indicam que essa região ainda se encontra mal investigada, mas também sugere que a avaliação da biodiversidade está subestimada. Finalmente, os resultados destacam a utilidade da abordagem paleolimnológica como uma ferramenta de peso na avaliação da biodiversidade antes que os impactos humanos comecem a afetar as condições pristinas da área.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of producing low-sugar mango jams enriched with curcumin-loaded lipid microparticles (CLM). The jams were incorporated with babacu oil and tristearin lipid microparticles encapsulating curcumin, using tween 80 and span 60 as surfactants. The jams were characterized by physicochemical and sensory tests along 30 days of storage, and the results revealed CLM incorporation had only a small influence on the macroscopic homogeneity and pH of the jams. Up to 4 g/100 g of incorporation of CLM, the color intensity and colorimetric stability of the jams were enhanced. The incorporation of CLM led to the jams to be classified, rheologically, as emulsion filled gels, and the small deformation rheology tests revealed the CLM acted as active fillers. However, the incorporation of 10 g CLM/100 g jam led to a non-reproducibility of the data obtained for frequency sweep experiments. Sensory evaluation (affective tests) indicated a high acceptation of the curcumin enriched mango jams, in terms of flavor, odor, spreadability, texture and color, both at the beginning and end of the storage period of 30 days.

RESUMO O presente estudo visou ao levantamento florístico e à distribuição de diatomáceas obtidas de dois perfis sedimentares do rio Xingu, Estado do Pará, Brasil, e representa os últimos ~6.000 anos de idade. Trinta e oito táxons distribuídos em vinte gêneros foram documentados, entre os quais cinco são novos registros de ocorrência no Brasil e dezenove na Amazônia brasileira. Gomphonema Ehrenberg foi o gênero mais representado com seis espécies. Sintetizando, as novas ocorrências representam um aumento de 75% do número total de registros para a Amazônia brasileira e indicam que essa região ainda se encontra mal investigada, mas também sugere que a avaliação da biodiversidade está subestimada. Finalmente, os resultados destacam a utilidade da abordagem paleolimnológica como uma ferramenta de peso na avaliação da biodiversidade antes que os impactos humanos comecem a afetar as condições pristinas da área.

ABSTRACT Present study is the floristic survey and the distribution of diatoms observed in two sediment cores of the Xingu river, Pará State, north Brazil, and represents the past ~6,000 cal yr BP. Thirty-eight taxa distributed in twenty genera were recorded, among which five were new records for Brazil and nineteen new for the Brazilian Amazon. The most representative genus based on species number was Gomphonema Ehrenberg with six species. In brief, present new records represent a 75% increase in the total number of records for the Brazilian Amazon, and indicates that this region has not only been poorly investigated, but also suggests that its biodiversity assessment is underestimated. These findings highlight the efficacy of the paleolimnological approach as a tool for assessing biodiversity before the human impacts begin to affect the pristine conditions of the area.

Abstract Objective To compare the incidence rates of gastric cancer among cancer survivors with those in the general population, and estimate the probability of a gastric second primary cancer being diagnosed 10 years after any other first primary cancer. Method A cohort of first primary cancers (other than gastric) diagnosed in Northern Portugal between 2000 and 2006 (n=64,648) was followed until 31/12/2012 for gastric second primary cancers. Incidence rates, standardized incidence ratios and the cumulative incidence of gastric second primary cancers were calculated. Results Overall, 330 patients developed gastric second primary cancers (21.2% within two months). The incidence rate of gastric second primary cancers was higher within two months of the first primary cancer (standardized incidence ratios: 5.20 in males and 7.89 in females), particularly among survivors of cancers of the oesophagus, colon and rectum, than in the remaining period (standardized incidence ratios: 0.64 in males and 0.74 in females). The 10-year risk of a gastric second primary cancer was 0.6% (males: 0.7%; females: 0.4%). Conclusion The incidence rate of gastric second primary cancers among cancer survivors was higher than in the general population only soon after the first primary cancer, and lower thereafter. Despite the high mortality, the probability of a gastric second primary cancer within 10-years of the first primary cancer was 0.6%.

Resumen Objetivo Comparar las tasas de incidencia de cáncer gástrico entre los sobrevivientes de cáncer con las de la población general y estimar la probabilidad de que se diagnostique un segundo cáncer primario gástrico 10 años después de cualquier otro primer cáncer primario. Método Se siguió una cohorte de pacientes con un primer cáncer primario (excluyendo los gástricos) en el norte de Portugal entre 2000 y 2006 (n=64.648) hasta el 31/12/2012 para identificar un segundo cáncer primario gástrico. Se calcularon las tasas de incidencia, las razones de incidencia estandarizadas (RIE) y la incidencia acumulada de segundos cánceres primarios gástricos. Resultados En total, 330 pacientes desarrollaron un segundo cáncer primario gástrico (21,2% en 2 meses). La tasa de incidencia de los segundos cánceres primarios gástricos fue mayor dentro de los 2 meses posteriores al primero (RIE: 5,20 en hombres y 7,89 en mujeres), en particular entre los sobrevivientes de cáncer de esófago, colon y recto, que en el período restante (RIE: 0,64 en hombres y 0,74 en mujeres). El riesgo a 10 años de un segundo cáncer primario gástrico fue del 0,6% (hombres: 0,7%; mujeres: 0,4%). Conclusiones La tasa de incidencia de segundos cánceres primarios gástricos entre los sobrevivientes de cáncer fue más alta que en la población general solo poco después del primer cáncer, y más baja a partir de entonces. A pesar de la alta mortalidad, la probabilidad de un segundo cáncer primario gástrico a 10 años del primero fue del 0,6%.

Abstract Objective To compare the incidence rates of gastric cancer among cancer survivors with those in the general population, and estimate the probability of a gastric second primary cancer being diagnosed 10 years after any other first primary cancer. Method A cohort of first primary cancers (other than gastric) diagnosed in Northern Portugal between 2000 and 2006 (n=64,648) was followed until 31/12/2012 for gastric second primary cancers. Incidence rates, standardized incidence ratios and the cumulative incidence of gastric second primary cancers were calculated. Results Overall, 330 patients developed gastric second primary cancers (21.2% within two months). The incidence rate of gastric second primary cancers was higher within two months of the first primary cancer (standardized incidence ratios: 5.20 in males and 7.89 in females), particularly among survivors of cancers of the oesophagus, colon and rectum, than in the remaining period (standardized incidence ratios: 0.64 in males and 0.74 in females). The 10-year risk of a gastric second primary cancer was 0.6% (males: 0.7%; females: 0.4%). Conclusion The incidence rate of gastric second primary cancers among cancer survivors was higher than in the general population only soon after the first primary cancer, and lower thereafter. Despite the high mortality, the probability of a gastric second primary cancer within 10-years of the first primary cancer was 0.6%.

Resumen Objetivo Comparar las tasas de incidencia de cáncer gástrico entre los sobrevivientes de cáncer con las de la población general y estimar la probabilidad de que se diagnostique un segundo cáncer primario gástrico 10 años después de cualquier otro primer cáncer primario. Método Se siguió una cohorte de pacientes con un primer cáncer primario (excluyendo los gástricos) en el norte de Portugal entre 2000 y 2006 (n=64.648) hasta el 31/12/2012 para identificar un segundo cáncer primario gástrico. Se calcularon las tasas de incidencia, las razones de incidencia estandarizadas (RIE) y la incidencia acumulada de segundos cánceres primarios gástricos. Resultados En total, 330 pacientes desarrollaron un segundo cáncer primario gástrico (21,2% en 2 meses). La tasa de incidencia de los segundos cánceres primarios gástricos fue mayor dentro de los 2 meses posteriores al primero (RIE: 5,20 en hombres y 7,89 en mujeres), en particular entre los sobrevivientes de cáncer de esófago, colon y recto, que en el período restante (RIE: 0,64 en hombres y 0,74 en mujeres). El riesgo a 10 años de un segundo cáncer primario gástrico fue del 0,6% (hombres: 0,7%; mujeres: 0,4%). Conclusiones La tasa de incidencia de segundos cánceres primarios gástricos entre los sobrevivientes de cáncer fue más alta que en la población general solo poco después del primer cáncer, y más baja a partir de entonces. A pesar de la alta mortalidad, la probabilidad de un segundo cáncer primario gástrico a 10 años del primero fue del 0,6%.

Resumo Córregos de baixa ordem localizados perto de áreas urbanas geralmente recebem águas residuais domésticas, industriais e agrícolas que afetam negativamente a qualidade da água do rio. Além disso, a poluição da água está associada à variações do uso da terra ao redor do rio, caracterizada pela urbanização não planejada, atividades agrícolas intensas e desmatamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi correlacionar o padrão de uso do solo com a qualidade físico-química e o potencial genotóxico da água em quatro pontos (P1 a P4) ao longo do rio Extrema, localizado em uma área industrial e agrícola do Brasil Central. Análises físico-químicas indicaram que a água coletada no rio Extrema é inadequada para consumo humano. Usando o modelo de Allium cepa, nenhuma evidência de citotoxicidade foi observada em nenhum momento; por outro lado, foi observado o potencial genotóxico dessas amostras de água. A correlação desses resultados com o uso do solo mostrou que a água coletada no P3 foi a mais contaminada; isso é provável devido ao influxo de águas residuais municipais e industriais e de águas residuais das atividades agrícolas. Resultados diferentes foram observados para P2 e P4, onde a análise do uso do solo atribuiu a qualidade da água às queimadas na floresta. Concluímos que diferentes usos do solo alteraram as características da água do rio e que os resultados obtidos pelo teste com A. cepa estavam mais relacionados às características do uso do solo do que aos parâmetros físico-químicos. Este estudo destaca a importância de associar o uso do solo ao potencial citogenotóxico da água.

Abstract Low-order streams located near urban areas usually receive domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters that negatively affect river water quality. Additionally, water pollution is associated with land-use variations around the river, which is characterized by unplanned urbanization, intense agricultural activities, and deforestation. This work correlated land-use patterns with physicochemical quality and genotoxic potential of water at four points (P1 to P4) along the Extrema River, located in an industrial and agricultural area of Central Brazil. Physicochemical analyses indicated that the water collected from the Extrema River is inappropriate for human consumption. Using the Allium cepa model, no evidence of cytotoxicity was observed at any point; in contrast, the genotoxic potential of these water samples was observed. The correlation of these results with land use showed that the water collected at P3 was the most contaminated; this is probably due to the inflow of wastewater from municipal, industrial, and agriculture activities. Different results were observed for P2 and P4, where land-use analysis attributed the water quality to forest burns. We concluded that differential use of the land changed the characteristics of the associated river water, and A. cepa parameters were more related to land-use characteristics than to physicochemical parameters. This study highlighted the importance of associating land use with the cyto genotoxic potential of water.

This paper presents a study on the production of silica gel in hydrothermal process using residual rice husk ash. Measurements of the chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, particle size distribution, and pozzolanic activity were carried out in order to characterize the obtained material, and the optimal silica gel was selected for use as a mineral additive in cement pastes. The compressive strengths were determined for cement pastes containing silica gel (0.0, 2.5 or 5% by mass) in different times. The results indicate that the mixtures containing silica gel showed improved mechanical behavior over all time periods evaluated.